Essay on How Did American Culture Change During the Jazz Age

What was the Jazz Age in America? Also known as the Roaring Twenties’, it was when American ways were beginning to modernize. Before the stock market had crashed and the Great Depression started, culture was booming in America. Dance was changing rapidly and new styles of dances were being created. Women began to wear shorter clothes, cut their hair, and some even had jobs, while the Flapper girls gave other young women an outlook of freedom. People began to go see films and movie stars became famous worldwide. During the Jazz Age, American culture was changing and Americans were becoming more finically affluent. Dancing skyrocketed during the 1920s. Many styles of dance that were created before the era did not become popular until the†¦show more content†¦Everyone competed for the grand prize of money. Professional dancers would blend in with the other marathon dancers to win the money. Many citizens would attend to watch for entertainment, meaning other businesses w ere losing money while people attended dance marathons. Cities across the nation began banning dance marathons because these endurance contests were thought as inhumane, especially when citizens were paying to watch. Women in the Jazz Age saw this as a chance to change women as a whole. â€Å"Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening† (Brown 255). Fashion was changing rapidly during this time for women. The hairstyle of the 1920s was the short bobbed haircut; even some of the older generation women began to cut their hair short after some time. The hemlines of women’s dresses and skirts were getting shorter and shorter, up to the knees. It was shocking to the older generation of women of how much leg was now being exposed. Long, multiple strands of pearls and beaded necklaces were the style of jewelry to be worn. In this age, fashion was changing more than ever. Women now had a chance to express themselves with fashion. Women also had the right to vote, but some women didn’t use that right because they had believed it was for men. Though other women saw this as a chance to get involved with politics. WomenShow MoreRelatedThe Counter Culture of the 1920s Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe counter culture of the 1920’s has affected the way the American lifestyle is today. Counter culture is a culture that primarily consists of younger people, with values and lifestyles opposing those of the original established culture. (Dictionary.com) A need for change. The 1920’s are also known as the â€Å"Jazz Age,† which was coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the â€Å"Roaring Twenties.† It was a decade of change. (Hakim, 41) The counterculture of the 1920’s resulted from the Age of Jazz, FlappersRead MoreEssay on The Roaring Twenties1209 Words   |  5 PagesRoaring Twenties Do you ever find yourself wondering why the 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties? The Roaring Twenties was a celebration of youth and culture. During the 1920s, many different forms of art, music, and literature began. There were many changes that took place in the 1920s, and many people were influenced by these changes. The Roaring Twenties was a constant party because America was celebrating the victory of World War I. Many customs and values changed in the United StatesRead MoreEssay about The Jazz Age1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jazz Age The Jazz Age was more than merely a musical revolution—â€Å"The Jazz Age denotes not only a period of early big band, but also the events and fashions of an era†. During this decade a number of modern developments were invented, which included an expanded telephone service, network radio, electric inventions, and records set in aviation. These modern developments had a profound effect on American culture, creating a rise in leisure, specifically mass leisure. Automobiles, movies, andRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectual and artistic African American leaders during the 1920s. It was a manifestation of embracing poetry, literature, music, art, film, fashion and all things synonymous with creativity. It begun during the end of World War 1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American cu lture. African Americans took pride in themselves and in their culture and wanted to showcase thisRead MoreMusic in Annie in 1920-1930 Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesTwenties forth. The American people hungered for change, and the new music of the era, jazz, satisfied their great hunger (100 Favourite Songs). Jazz was a brand new type of music drastically different from anything the American people had heard before. Unfortunately, the Great Depression, which occurred in the thirties, brought forth an aroma of sadness and despair in the lives of the American people. Would jazz also cave into the Depression? Or fight back? Although the mood of the American people changedRead MoreJazz Influences on the 20th Century1158 Words   |  5 PagesJazz Influence on the 20th Century Jazz is considered one of the most influential types of music in American history. Some of the greatest artists in the world have contributed to the success jazz has had not only on American history, but throughout the world. Jazz music has come to serve as the base of many music styles in the United States. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from, and the effect it has had on the American culture in the 20th century. ToRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect on society and culture. Iconic artists and performers, and particular events during these decades influenced many rebellious outbreaks going against societal norms. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† (1920-30), had a major impact on adolescent behavior in America, starting in New Orleans, moving into Chicago and later, New York City. Throughout the 1930s-1940s a new adolescent culture emerged, influenced by early upheavals during the 1920s. The twenties were years of prodigious changes and prosperity in manyRead MoreThe Essence Of The 1920 S1659 Words   |  7 PagesRoaring Twenties was the period of great American prosperity which was built on shaky foundations.† For decades, the 1920’s have been interpreted as a period of economic prosperity and social change in which the novel The Great Gatsby was born. In the early 1920’s, the United States experienced a period of immense reorganization of social and economical life; therefore, this post- World War I era became referred to as â€Å"The Roaring 20’s†, â€Å"The Jazz Age†, or â€Å"The Age of Intolerance.† As the early twentiethRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance, A Social, Cultural, And Artistic Movement1298 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement that started in Harlem, New York during the 1920’s. Although it is generally considered to span from 1918 to the mid-1930, many of its ideas continue today. â€Å"The Harlem Re naissance was a phase of a larger New Negro movement that had emerged in the early 20th century and in some ways ushered in the civil rights movement of the late 1940’s and early 1950’s† (Thomas, 2017). â€Å"The social foundations of this movement included the Great Migration of African Americans from rural to urban spaces and fromRead MoreThe Influence of the Jazz Age911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influence Of The Jazz Age Was it the music that made everyone rebel or was it the beautiful arrogant people. In the 1920’s was it an age of miracles and change or just disaster. Such as, new technology, better things, love and leisure. Music just filled people’s spirits with lust and want. The radio/music had brought many people together like nothing ever before. Jazz music became popular everyone loved it. It made you want to do anything you wouldn’t normally do. Jazz became extremely popular

Managing Diversity Through Human Resource Management

American University of Science amp; Technology Assignment 2 Managing diversity through human resource management An international perspective and conceptual framework Prepared By: Samih El Kahtib Instructor: Dr. Hasan Saleh Managing diversity through human resource management An international perspective and conceptual framework Introduction Managing diversity reflects the reality that people differ in many visible amp; invisible ways; such as: * Age * Gender * Marital status * Social status * Disability * Sexual orientation, * Religion * Personality traits * Ethnicity * Culture Multiculturalism proved to be the most important dimension of diversity. Although many aspects of†¦show more content†¦Implementation of HR diversity policies Many researchers reached to the conclusion that many organizations try to Manage Diversity and has it in their goals and objectives, but unfortunately, few organizations succeeded in implementing the process efficiently. Developing a framework of HR diversity management Diversity culture should be emphasized in organizational vision, mission and business strategy and the HRM strategy. Effective diversity management requires a culture of inclusion that creates a work environment nurturing teamwork, participation and cohesiveness. Strong emphasis has been put on management philosophy that is committed to EEO, AA and appreciating and making use of diversity at the strategic level. Measuring Diversity would be in the initiation phase, followed by periodic audits to identify the areas that need improvement. One affective tool for this step is benchmarking. 1. Recruitment and selection: Human resource professionals and line managers who recruit and interview job seekers in a multicultural workforce need to be aware of the ways in which the interviewers’ beliefs, attitudes, and stereotypes influence interview behavior. 2. Training amp; Development: Awareness training builds a common understanding of the value of diversity, assisting in building soci al cohesion so that it improves individual and organizational outcomes. Critical to the success of education and training is the important step of linking training to theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Contemporary Uk On New Zealand Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesmarketplace. The increase in ethnic group migration to New Zealand and the concept of managing this diverse range of culture and interacting with individuals with different cultures, belief systems is a current issue that impacts contemporary organisations in New Zealand. According to Sayers (2012), countries throughout history have different yet related ways to deal with inequality and discrimination issues that occur through diverse people existing in close proximity. From social movements focusing onRead MoreManaging Organizational Diversity845 Words   |  3 Pagesorganizations to not only become open to change but also be creative. According to Kouzes Barry (2002) â€Å"management of diversity has gained popularity in the recent years and despite its distinct contexts, it is gaining more attention as a result of demographic development, mobility of national and global workforce, international and globalised business as well as increased competitiveness†. Diversity is not only beneficial to the employees but also to organizations’ managers. Even though associatesRead MoreThe Australian Workplace Is A Evolving Environment1483 Words   |  6 Pagesuniformity. This both contextual and individual concept is refereed to as diversity. Contrary to popular belief, diversity does not jus relate to gender, race cultural identity. Diversity is categorized into four main categories: organisational, internal, external and personality. From these categories, various experiences and perspectives arise, portraying the concept of diversity. Unless managed and understood properly, diversity can cause a wide range of obstacles in the Australian workplace, withRead MoreWorkforce Diversity1507 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Workforce diversity addresses differences among people within an organization. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people from different categories. Diversity refers to the co-existence of employees from various socio-cultural backgrounds within the company. Diversity includes cultural factors such as race, gender, age, colour, physical ability, ethnicity, education, language, lifestyle, beliefs, economic status, etc. Diversity requires a typeRead MoreManagement : Management Careers And Diversity Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Careers and Diversity Introduction Ongori and Agolla (2007) state that managing workforce diversity in an organization is a complex phenomenon. They suggest that with the current organizational transformations being implemented across the globe, management of workforce diversity cannot be downplayed. Diversity in the workforce is based on the acknowledgement of the reality that people are different in more than one way, mainly in terms of culture and ethnicity, personality, religionRead MoreAchieving a Competitive Advantage: Managing Diversity1249 Words   |  5 PagesManaging Diversity can help an organisation achieve a competitive advantage Rapidly changing demographics in particular western countries place more importance than ever on the need to manage diversity in the workplace. XYZ is a relatively new diversity strategy that has emerged from earlier concepts of Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action. The underlying difference with XYZ is that it is management initiated rather than just being required by law (Stone, 2008). This essay willRead MoreThe Emerging Challenges in Human Resource Management Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesThe main purpose of this article is In the past human resources management played more of an administrative role which were consist of processing payrolls, sending birthday gifts to employees, rearranging company outings, and making sure forms were filled out correctly. Human resource management has experienced several changes over the last twenty years such as staffing, development of Workplace policies, compensation and benefits administration, retention, and training and development. TheseRead MoreEssay about Managing Diversity in the Workplace1449 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today (UCSF). Workplace diversity refers to having a variety of different types of people working together within a place of business. Employee gender, race, religion, sexual preference, physical appearance, family or marital status, education, culture, personality, or tenure establishes diversity in the workplace. Diversity is rapidlyRead MoreChanging Working Force And The Positive Outcomes Of Managing Diversity At Work1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The following essay will delve into the challenges of the changing working force and the positive outcomes of managing diversity at work. Ageing baby-boomers along with an increased number of women in paid work and an influx of workers from diverse backgrounds within the workplace raise new diversity challenges, which people managers must handle. Managing diversity in the workplace has become an essential skill for people managers. There are many social and economic reasons that make itRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages710: Managing People Submitted By: KOMAL Answer 1. Human resource Management is very important in every organization. It satisfies the needs of man power and creates an atmosphere where all employees can work together to achieve the goals of an organization. HRM role is to plan how to recruit right people and give experienced and well trained workforce to organization.It makes plans for training and development of hunman resource in an organization.The main functions of Human Resource Management

Dispute Resolution in United Kingdom-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Dispute Resolution in United Kingdom. Answer: Adjudication was necessary because it is considered as a swift and inexpensive process of resolving a dispute. Since time immemorial, the process of adjudication was used to solve disputes between parties as it proved to be less expensive than other processes of dispute resolution. Process of adjudication has been considered to be an alternative process of dispute resolution especially in cases of Construction Contracts. In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that the process of adjudication which was involved was swift and straightforward however certain obligations were observed. The dispute procedures in the contract should have been clearly stated by the parties to dispute at the beginning of the project which would generally include an agreed approach regarding the decisions of adjudication that will be binding upon them. However, in this regard, after making decisions involving adjudication, consideration has to be made by the parties regarding the nature of the decis ion as when it will be binding on each party. The party in whose favor the decision has been granted should particularly consider that whether the proceedings of the Court are essential in order to protect the outcomes of adjudication. However, the decision of the adjudicator can also be binding upon the parties in order to add conclusiveness to the decision provided. Some unexpected difficulties and potential issues have been observed in the interpretation of the Act. It is required on the part of the parties to dispute to address the issues that have been identified instead of going through lengthy court proceedings for further clarification which are generally expensive. In this regard, the difficulties can be addressed however, it is important to identify the issues related with it. The most important issue that has been identified is regarding the nominations of the panel which is of utmost importance. In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that if such unexpected difficulties and potential problems has not been identified and rectified at the same time, then the application of the process of adjudication shall be unenforceable. Therefore, in case of proceedings involving unsuccessful enforcement the parties in success is bound the pay the costs incurred in such process. In this regard clarification shall be required in cases where collateral warranties and bonds can be considered as construction contracts. In this regard, clarification is also included in the provisions that are required to deal with the parties to dispute. In some cases adjudications may be disregarded in order to facilitate smooth and efficient working of the process. Therefore, it is important to identify the problems timely and raise issues however, it is essential to act reasonable while agreeing timetables. It is crucial on the part of the referring parties to correct any kind of jurisdictional issues immediately after it has been identified. There is no point of getting into unnecessary proceedings for the purpose of receiving potentially unenforceable decision. In this regard, the jurisdictional challenges shall be considered by the respondent however appropriate decision is required whether such dispute can be resolved through adjudication or not. Bibliography: Woolley, Alice. "The Lawyer as Advisor and the Practice of the Rule of Law."UBCL Rev.47 (2014): 743. Le, Yun, et al. "Overview of corruption research in construction."Journal of management in engineering30.4 (2014): 02514001.

Political and Legal Forces free essay sample

Political and legal forces are two of the three most important aspects for a business, with social forces being the third. Politics is a changing scene, and the rules and laws will change not regularly but often enough. Different elected parties have different feelings about certain business practices and use or alter the laws to change these. The same comes into play with trading in other countries. Organizations, especially the European Union, have a lot of rules for their member states with regards to production, distribution, content, health benefits, and many more. What are political forces? Political forces are governments and unilateral bodies that decree certain rules, regulations, laws or restrictions with regards the way a country is run. This siphons down into everyday life, especially business. Businesses cannot avoid these unless they move countries, and then theres the issue of the attention this draws. More often than not they simply have to adapt. We will write a custom essay sample on Political and Legal Forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example is taxation. If taxation rises for companies then so does the price of the goods. If taxation rises in general then wages have to be increased thus making production values higher and prices for goods increase further. †¢What are legal forces? Legal forces are the types of law and legislation that a political body introduces. A government or state-body like the E. U may decide, for example, that advertising chocolate around childrens television is inappropriate, and thus ban them from advertising on childrens channels and during set time periods. This is a legal constraint. †¢How do we adapt? You have to evaluate the situation. If youre being taxed more then the simple solution is to raise prices. However, this may upset the consumer, so you need to weigh up whether its safer to take the decrease in profitability or whether you should only marginally increase the prices, thus reducing your loss and minimizing upset to the consumer. Other manners of political interference or legal restriction can occur. Realistically you just have to make them part of your business model. Defying the law can result in punishment, such as fines and even closure

Narrative Essay on Hip-Hop free essay sample

Newly Jugular Growing up in the sasss and the asss I became a huge fan of Hip-Hop music. My friends and I used to sit around for hours listening to our favorite rappers on the radio and watching the videos on television. We would argue for hours about who was a better lyricist and why. Now as I have grown older and the music I have grown to love and still listen to has changed, I find myself asking a very good question. What has changed in Hip-Hop from the time I was started listening to now? The answer is as complex as it is simple, the music itself has changed.The Hip-Hop music of today seems to be more commercial as opposed to being artistic and message driven. In the late 1 cays Into the asss, Hip-Hop was starting to really take off and be recognized as a powerful voice for the young people of America. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Essay on Hip-Hop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Public Enemy and various artists referred to the music as the CNN of the ghetto. There was a lot of diversity in the music in terms of artists and the message that was being delivered through the music. Artists like Public Enemy, Eric B. Amp; Racism, X-Clan and Boogie Down Productions rhyming about uplifting the African American race and the problems that faced an entire race.Public Enemys record, Fight the Power, symbolized the attitude of the young people living In the ghetto neighborhoods around the country. Hip-Hop at this time was the vehicle relaying the message that Black people were tired of being overlooked and treated like they were less than nothing. You had songs that spoke to the core of the anger of an entire race of people who not scared to say what was on their minds and were not concerned bout making money. Another song that spoke to being original and creative would be A Tribe Called Quests Scenario.This song featured verses from Busts Rhymes and The Leaders of The New School. The song was and still Is one of the favorites of people who grew up listening to Hip-Hop. Songs like this have been replaced by songs focusing solely on sex, money, drugs and violence. As the music of Hip-Hop shifted from underground to mainstream, the integrity and creativity began to suffer. Record labels began dictating to the artist what was to be considered Hip-Hop. Artists like Soul]a Boy Teller, Drake, and Ill Wayne are at the forefront of the Hip-Hop of today.The majority of the content In their music reflects the voice of the younger Hip-Hop generation, Songs Like Lollipop, Get Money, and No Hands only talk about money and sex. The overall criticism has been the lack of diversity in the music. Crank that Soul]a Boy was a big hit for Soul Boy Teller but to Hip-Hop purists, the song lacked creativity and lyrical content. Another difference between the eras would be in radio play. Leafy Daffy, by DEL, was another Eng that was a big hit commercially that several people use as an example for the radio and hear different records with a variation of styles and song content.Today, if you on the radio, you will hear what many would consider the same type of rap record being made by different artists. The reason behind the lack of creativity is believed to be because artists and record labels are more concerned about record sales and money. In closing I wanted to simply compare the two eras of music in regards to lyrical content and what has changed. Artists like Moms Deaf, Kenya West, Common and there strive to bring lyrical creativity and a message like the artists who came before them.The newer artists of today seem to not be too concerned with providing lyrical in their music. They seem more concerned with the money that Hip-Hop is generating and how many women they can sleep with, how much money they made, and how involved in the drug selling they are. The lack of creativity and diversity in the music has led to much criticism and album sales have suffered. There are several people hoping that the creativity returns to the music that began in the parks of New York City some thirty years ago.

The Collapse of Ronan Point The WritePass Journal

The Collapse of Ronan Point Introduction The Collapse of Ronan Point IntroductionDesign and ConstructionCollapsePerceived FailuresProcedure and Project ManagementKey FailuresRecommendations for Better Project ManagementNext Steps and ConclusionsReferencesRelated Introduction The purpose of this paper is to consider the perceived failures associated with the famous collapse of Ronan Point on 16 May, 1968. Following a gas explosion, an entire corner of the 22 storey tower block in East London collapsed, killing 4 people and injuring 17. In order to analyse the failures that occurred, the paper will firstly look at the history of the building, its design and construction, before looking at the collapse itself and the perceived failures that were identified after the event. The building was named after the chairman of the housing committee of the relevant London Borough, Newham, and was one of many tower blocks built during the 1960s in a budget-driven and affordable way to deal with the growing demand for affordable housing in the region (Levy and Salvadori 1992). The very ethos of this affordable housing and the use of cheaper materials and cheaper construction approaches is arguably one of the first and fundamental contributory factors to the disaster (Griffiths et al 1968). Design and Construction The actual design and construction of the building was mooted as far back as the end of World War II, when much of the housing available in the London region was destroyed as a result of the war and there was a rapid demand for a large amount of housing. Other factors such as a lack of skilled labourers, as well as the changing housing policy which enabled multi-stories to be established, created a demand for the design and construction of buildings such as the one in question here. A prefabricated construction technique was used which involved the creation of much of the high-rise building which was then transported to the area for final construction (Cagley, 2003). The actual construction approach that was used here was that of the Larsen-Nielsen system which was composed of factory-built, precast concrete components designed to minimise on-site construction work. Walls, floors and stairways are all precast. â€Å"All units, installed one-story high are load bearing† (ENR, 1968 at p.54). Although this system was tried and tested, the approach was not designed to be used in a building of more than 6 storeys high. However, the building of this tower block was 22 storeys high and there was no recognition, at the construction phase, that this could potentially jeopardise the validity of the construction technique. The basic construction approach involved a precast concrete structure frame, with each floor of the multi-storey building being supported by the load-bearing walls directly beneath each other, floor upon floor (Bignell et al 1977).   Collapse The collapse itself happened at 5:45 am in the morning when the tenant of one of the apartments on the 18th floor lit a match, unbeknownst that there had been a gas leak overnight. By lighting the match, an explosion took place and this ended up damaging the load-bearing wall which was present on the 18th floor and was acting as the only support for the corner of the 19th floor. When the corner of the 19th floor collapsed, this had the effect of the 20th floor collapsing. Once the floors above had already collapsed the pressure on the floors became unbearable and the domino effect continued downward, destroying the entire corner of the building (Delatte, 2009). The way in which the collapse took place meant that, essentially, it destroyed a portion of the living room all the way down the building, but left the bedrooms intact in most cases, with the exception of floors 17 to 22 the room which were in the immediate vicinity of the explosion. It was on these floors that all of the fata lities happened and due to the fact that the explosion had taken place early in the morning, the majority of the individuals who were in their bedrooms were unaffected (Delatte, 2009). Perceived Failures When looking at the perceived failures and causes of failure, it can be seen that the analysis is largely split into two distinct areas: first, considering the immediate cause of failure; the second looking at the fundamental flaws in the design and construction of the building that allowed such a dramatic reaction to the immediate event (Griffiths et al 1968). The actual investigation into the event which took place involved a government panel which was formed in order to look at the causes of failure and to consider whether or not there were other buildings which potentially could suffer from a similar eventuality, in the future. As stated previously, the construction approach taken for Ronan Point was replicated in many other buildings, with eight other exact replicas in occupation. Therefore, establishing the reason for the collapse is crucially important (Pearson and Delatte, 2003) One of the key factors that took contributed in the immediate event itself was found to be a substandard connection used in order to connect the gas stove in the relevant apartment. Whilst this meant that the gas leak had presented itself in a way that would not have been likely, had they used a different connection, as well as having the incorrect connection, it was found that over tightening had occurred during installation. This probably weakened the connection and allowed gas to leak out. Despite this, the evidence gathered suggested that the explosion itself was not substantial, as there was no permanent damage to the hearing of the individual in the apartment. This suggests that relatively little pressure was involved, although there was sufficient pressure to move the external walls of the building and to create a progressive collapse within the building (Levy and Salvadori, 1992). Broadly speaking, the progressive collapse is thought to have occurred due to the fact that there was a lack of alternate load paths available and there was no support for the structural frame available on the higher floors (Wearne, 2000). This meant that when there was an explosion on level 18, this took out the only support so that the floors above level 18 failed and this placed excessive pressure on the lower floors, until it ultimately collapse to ground level. Perceived failures, can be split into two distinct categories, the first being the cause of the explosion itself; the second looking at the repercussions of the explosion, which were extensive, given the magnitude of the explosion, which was relatively low. Procedure and Project Management Unsurprisingly, as a result of the collapse here, building codes, guidelines and regulations were advised not only in the United Kingdom, but across the globe. The building regulations, changed in 1970, state that any building with more than four storeys needs to have a design structure in place that would resist a progressive collapse of this nature (Pearson and Delatte, 2005, pp. 175). Apart from the construction mechanisms themselves, there were also concerns that failures had occurred in the project management, as well as failures to check procedures. The gaps between the floors and in the walls meant that the building had not been established in a way that was part of the original design and planning. In addition to the actual failure in the design of the property, concerns were also raised in the report in relation to the need for quality control of the construction processes taking place. For example, it was proven that during the construction, certain design factors had been ignored, with unfilled gaps between the floors and walls, throughout the premises, which meant that the building had little in the way of separation between the flats. Furthermore, in high rise buildings of this type, a relatively narrow staircase is acceptable, as there is thought to be enough fire protection between the floors. In the absence of this fire protection, narrow staircases w ould be unacceptable, in the event of a fire or explosion of this nature. Key Failures The analysis above indicates that there are several failures which together created the dramatic collapse at Ronan Point. These are: social pressures on the construction company to establish a large amount of housing accommodation, rapidly and cheaply; the use of constructions not aimed at high storey buildings of this nature; failures to put in place methods whereby there was no secondary support structure in place, in the event of a failure with any of the load-bearing walls; failures with the processes being followed, which resulted in the wrong processes being followed in the connection of the gas pipes, as well as other omissions during the construction process, with the failure to follow the design provided. It can be seen, that the project management would have, at least in part, dealt with many of these failures and would have either prevented the explosion, in the first place, or would have seriously reduced the impact of the explosion, once it did take place. The crucial factor in this analysis is that the explosion itself was relatively minor, yet the repercussions were large and it is this chain of events that requires attention when it comes to better project management, in the future. Recommendations for Better Project Management Certain failures took place at the design phase, when the design construction of the premises was selected, yet was not entirely suitable for a 22 storey building. This was arguably the first and crucial failure which could have been avoided with further research into the limitations of this design. However, the main focus of the recommendations presented here is in relation to the project management process, from the point at which the design was presented for the construction, to the point at which the building was completed (Pearson and Delatte, 2005). At the outset, when the project team came together, there was an opportunity to run scenarios and to check the validity of the chosen construction, given the design that were being presented and the need to establish a 22 storey building. By running these types of scenarios, it is likely that it would become apparent that the chosen construction design was simply inappropriate. Even without this element of the project management being undertaken and risk assessments being carried out, the next stage of the project management should have involved a strong quality control check for every aspect of the work. The fundamental design of the building was proven to be flawed; however, there were also errors during the actual construction phase, for example the use of the wrong connections when it came to the gas pipes installed. Although this, in itself, did not lead to the catastrophic collapse of part of the building, it did create a minor gas explosion which started the chain of events. Quality control processes at every phase of construction and fitting would have potentially prevented the chain of events from emerging, in the first place (Shepherd and Frost, 1995). Next Steps and Conclusions Bearing this in mind, there are several proposed changes and next steps which could be taken to prevent a similar failure happening in the future. Firstly, although the design used was accepted during this era, it was known that it would simply not be appropriate for the type of building which was being planned. This should have been noted, at the outset, with additional safety structures then planed so as to prevent this type of progressive collapse from taking place. Secondly, worst-case scenarios should be run, at the outset, to enable the project managers to ascertain whether any weaknesses existed. Moreover, although the rest of collapse in this case resulted in the building being destroyed, it was also not able to withstand strong winds and this also, ultimately, could have resulted in the building becoming uninhabitable. By running scenarios, such as high winds or explosion, these issues would have been highlighted and changes in the design could have been incorporated, from the outset (Pearson and Delatte 2003). Finally, quality control during the construction process was also not suitable. This should have been done with much greater consistency, to ensure that the smaller processes, such as the fitting of connections, was carried out to an appropriate standard, thus preventing the minor incident that ultimately led to the overall disaster. By following these clear project management approaches and ensuring that an individual was put in place, in order to manage quality and control, as well as any variables in this area, the collapse of the building could have been avoided, or at least the cause of the collapse mitigated against, so as not to cause loss of life and injury. References Bignell, V., Peters, J., and Pym, C. (1977). Catastrophic failures. Open University Press, Milton Keynes, New York. Cagley, J. R. (2003, April). The design professional’s concerns regarding progressive collapse design. Building Sciences, 27, 4-6. Delatte, N. J. (2009). Beyond failure: Forensic case studies for civil engineers. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, Virginia, 97-106. Engineering News Record (ENR). (1968). â€Å"Systems built apartment collapse.† ENR, May 23, 1968, 54. Griffiths, H., Pugsley, A. G., and Saunders, O. (1968). Report of the inquiry into the collapse of flats at Ronan Point, Canning Town. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. Levy, M., and Salvadori, M. (1992). Why buildings fall down: How structures fail. W.W. Norton, New York, 76-83. Pearson, C., and Delatte, N. (2003). Lessons from the Progressive Collapse of the Ronan Point Apartment Tower. In Forensic Engineering, Proceedings of the Third Congress, edited by Paul A. Bosela, Norbert J. Dellate, and Kevin L. Rens, ASCE, Reston, VA., pp. 190-200. Pearson, C.,and Delatte, N. J. (2005) Ronan Point Apartment Tower Collapse and Its Effect on Building Codes. J. Perf. of Constr. Fac., 19(2), 172-177. Shepherd, R., and Frost, J. D. (1995). Failures in Civil Engineering: Structural, Foundation, and Geoenvironmental Case Studies, ASCE, New York. Wearne, P. (2000). Collapse: When Buildings Fall Down, TV Books, L.L.C., New York, 137-156.

Report - Innovative team Management Plan Assignment

Report - Innovative team Management Plan - Assignment Example In addition, several global organizations focus on workplace diversity program to integrate the employees of different cultural background with the organizational culture and values. It is important for an organization to develop effective and improved workplace culture to maintain significant and hazard free business operations. Team Goals Leading organizations always try to develop effective team goals to meet organizational goals and objectives. (A) Specific team goals need to be developed by the leaders or managers as a significant part of team performance plan. Clear and shared team goals provide several advantages to the team performances. Effective team goals can help the managers to communicate with the team members about the specific role of the team. It can guide the team members in planning and development process. It helps the team members or employees within a small team to complete assigned tasks within a given period of time. Managers or leaders can easily evaluate the performance and outcome of a team work through these developed team goals. In addition, appropriate team goals can reduce the threat of group or team conflict within the workplace of an organization. (B) Several organizations implement various strategies to enhance creativity and innovation among the team within the workplace. Reward creativity, support creativity, workplace diversity and positive working environment are the four strategies that can enhance creativity and innovation among the team members. Effective reward distribution can motivate the skilled and talented employees to generate innovative ideas. It will help to complete the team project successfully. Support creativity strategy can help employees to take calculated risk in order to achieve significant project outcome. Workplace diversity will help to exchange different ideas among the employees. It can enhance the decision making process. Positive working environment can inspire the employees to perform well to ach ieve personal and professional objectives with greater flexibility. Innovation and Creativity Creativity is known as generation of several innovative ideas. On the other hand, innovation is the transformation of new ideas into a new organization, product, service or a process. (A) Several leading organizations are trying to differentiate their business operation through the implementation of innovative and creative business strategies. The demand for workplace creativity from the employees of an organization is rising in this age of technological revolution. Innovative leadership style can help an organization to change and implement new ideas and strategies in the workplace (Grivas and Puccio, 2011, p.123). Creative thinking and innovation are useful during the strategic planning process. Effective workplace diversity, work distribution and significant reward system are some examples of innovative and creative leadership style. (B) Several leading organizations are trying to implem ent new innovative management strategies in the workplace to achieve successful project output. Innovation teams, linking innovation with operation processes, and anonymity & confidentiality are